Field bindweed is an herbaceous perennial vine in the Convolvulaceae (morning-glory) family. It produces thin stems that may reach up to 6 feet long, occasionally up to 10 feet. Stems are twining and may form dense mats covering other vegetation or climbing fences and walls. Leaves occur alternately on the stem and arrow-shaped with lobes at the base. Leaves may be between ½ and 2 inches long. Field bindweed flowers from late spring to early fall. Flowers are formed individually at nodes along the stems. Flowers are approximately 1 inch in diameter, trumpet or bell-shaped, and white to pink in color. Two small, green bracts are formed on the flower stems. Flowers produce capsules containing four dark brown seeds. Seeds may remain viable in the soil for up to 50 years. Field bindweed has an extensive rhizomatous root system. While most of the root system is within the top 1 to 2 feet of soil, some vertical roots may reach depths of 20 feet.
Field bindweed is native to Europe and Asia. It was introduced to North America prior to the 1800s as both an ornamental and contaminant in seed. It creates dense infestations by spreading rhizomes and seeds, and it may be moved by seed or vegetative fragments. Field bindweed is frequently found in agricultural sites, disturbed areas, and along roadsides. It has also been identified as a contaminant in compost and top soil.
Prevention strategies and cultural control strategies should be utilized as much as possible. Purchase weed free compost, top soil, and gravel where available. Equipment used in contaminated sites should be cleaned prior to moving to a new site to prevent spreading root fragments. Solarization may be utilized, but covering must remain in place for multiple years and include the entire affected area.
Currently there are no biological control agents available for control of field bindweed in Teton County, but research for agents is ongoing.
Hand pulling and digging out is not usually recommended because rhizome fragments are capable of resprouting. Only very new seedlings can be pulled effectively. Due to field bindweed's prostrate growth habit, mowing will not reduce infestations.
Infestations can be controlled with routine herbicide applications especially when coupled with cultural control methods. Early to mid-summer treatments before bloom can be effective; fall treatments with systemic herbicides can also effectively deplete the rootstock. Read the label before using any herbicide. Contact TCWP if you have any questions about application rates or how to use an herbicide.
